The Dreyfus Affair transformed French society at the end of the nineteenth century.  It also transformed the nature of Jewish identity, changing how Jews saw their place in the world and their relation to other Jews.  This lecture, by Maurice Samuels, Professor of French, Yale University, the author of Alfred Dreyfus: The Man at the Center of the Affair (2024), explores Jewish reactions to the Affair in different national contexts, with particular attention paid to the effect of the Affair on various Jewish political ideologies.